2 Chapter Two  Government and Politics

Chapter Two   Government and Politics

Exercises

I.Fill in the blanks

1. The government system of the United Kingdom is known as the     .In this system the head of state is      with limited powers.

2. Unlike the United States,Britain does not have a basic written law known as     .

3. The United Kingdom is a unitary country with its government composed of three tiers-the       , the     , and the     .

4. The Government of the United Kingdom is also called Her     .

5. As the“fountain of justice,”the British Queen can, pardon or show mercy to those     .

6. The British Queen is regarded as the     of national unity.

7. The first candidate for the throne is the first son born to a     .His title is     .

8. The British Parliament consist of three branches:     ,     ,and____

9. The five noble titles in Britain are     ,     ,     ,     , and      .

10. As there is no Minister of Justice in the British government, the jurisprudence is in the charge of （the Lord Chancellor） who presides over the administration of Justice.

11. The King or Queen is just the of the whole nation without any practical power. Everything that the Monarch does has been decided in advance by and the .

12. The British system of Parliament started in , which was made up of two parts: and .

13. Now Parliament consists of three elements: , and .

14. Parliament can be dissolved by with the permission of the Queen.

15. In general, the Speaker has to give up his in order to remain impartial in carrying out his duties.

16. The British Cabinet evolved from the diplomatic committee of that was established in the period of Henry VI of the 15^th century as a consulting institute. By the time of , the diplomatic committee became most powerful in the Privy Council.

17. Britain has several political parties, but, politics in Britain is actually based on a     .

18. The two major political parties in Britain are the     and the     .

19. The history of political parties in Britain can be traced back to the late 17th century when two parties, the      and     , were founded.

20. During the mid-19th century , the Tories got a new name and became known as the     .

21. The     was founded in 1900 with its supporters mainly from     , liberal, socialists, and the      Society.

22. To distribute the seats of Parliament fairly,the United Kingdom is divided into     electoral districts of nearly equal population.

23. Every man and woman aged     has the right to vote.

24. The English law comprises three elements：     ,     ,and the     .

25. British law courts are based on the thee-tier system：     ,     ,and the     .

26. The English legal profession is divided into two branches:     and     .

II.Translate the following terms into Chinese

1．constitutional monarchy

2．Lord Chancellor

3．fountain of justice

4．fountain of honour

5．Cabinet papers

6．Buckingham Palace

7．Duke of Edinburgh

8．Speaker

9．Cabinet

10．Conservative Party

11．Labour Party

12．Margaret Thatcher

13．Fabian Society

14．electoral districts

15．televised debates

16．ballot paper

17．Justice of the Peace

18．jury

19．Scotland Yard

III. Translate the following terms into English

1. 政党政治

2. 坎特伯雷大主教

3. 威斯敏斯特大教堂( 西敏寺大教堂)

4. 圣詹姆士宫

5. 《习惯法》

6. 唐宁街

7. 影子内阁

8. 中产阶级

9. 议员

10. 候选人

11. 大众媒介

12. 安全议席

13. 多数党

14. 巡回法官

15. 即决案

16. 上诉法庭

17. 法律协会

18. 王位继承法

19. 大法官

20. 权利法案

21. 地方法院

22. 枢密院

Ⅲ.Define the following terms.

1.The Constitutional Monarchy

2.The Cabinet

3.The two-party system

4.The House of Lords

5.The House of Commons

Ⅳ.Multiple choice.

1.Members of the House of Commons are elected by the over-18-year-old citizens of Britain except some professionals such as judges, bishops and soldiers. They have to be reelected at the end of the __ term.

A. five-year

B. four-year

C. three-year

D. two-year

2.Now in Britain, the two-party system mainly consists of Party.

A. the Liberty and the Labour

B. the Conservative and the Democratic

C. the National and the Liberty

D. the Conservative and the Labour

3.In principle, the legislative power is under the control of , the executive power is in the

hand of , and the judiciary is in the charge of

A. the Cabinet, Parliament, Court

B. Parliament, the Government, the Court

C. the Government, Parliament, the Cabinet

D. the Court, the Government, Parliament

4.The Prime Minister and the Cabinet members of the executive must belong to the Parliament members of the legislature, which indicates that in Britain are integrated into a unity.

A. the legislature and the judiciary

B. the legislature and the Party

C. the legislature and the executive

D. the judiciary and the executive

5.The system of the British government is the Constitutional Monarchy, which started at the end of .

A. the 14^th century

B. the 15^th century

C. the 16^th century

D. the 17^th century

6.___ are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party, and ultimately to the electorate.

A. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet

B. The Prime Minister

C. The Cabinet

D. The members of Parliament

7.The British Constitution is composed of many separate legal documents, and usual practices produced in different historical periods.

A. the Bill of Rights

B. the common laws

C. the Petition of Rights

D. the Great Charter

8.The present sovereign is . She came to the throne on 2^nd June, 1953

A. Queen Victoria

B. Queen Elizabeth

C. Queen Mary

D. Queen Elizabeth II

9.The King or Queen is just the official head of Parliament, performing the decisions made

by that possesses the real political power.

A. the House of Commons

B. the House of Lords

C. the Prime Minister

D. the Cabinet

10.___ performs a vital role in the British government, because it is the origin of most important bills and in charge of the organs of state power.

A. the House of Commons

B. Parliament

C. The Cabinet

D. the Party in power

Ⅵ.Answer the following questions

1. What are the functions of Parliament?

2. What are the functions of the Cabinet?

3. How is the Prime Minister chosen?

4. What is the function of Magistrates’ courts?

5. Why is police called peeler in Britain?

6. What’s the reason for the existence of the monarchy?

7. How does a law come into being?