5.4 Part Four  The Rise of the British Empire

Exercises for Part Four The Rise of the British Empire

I. Fill in the blanks

After the Bourgeois Revolution, Britain focused its efforts on the       which contributed to the English Industrial Revolution.

The British Industrial Revolution has been understood to mean the       and     of various machines in production and the changes that transformed Britain from a predominantly

      country into a mainly       one.

After the 1688 Glorious Revolution established constitutional monarch,       secured the dominant position in political life in Britain.

The traditional way of farming in England was known as the       .

The English king George III got so interested in agriculture that he was nicknamed       .

In 1733 John Kay invented the       which sped up hand weaving.

In 1769 Richard Arkwright invented the       and Samuel Crompton invented a new weaving machine which he named       .

Efforts to seek more reliable power led to the invention and improvement of the steam engine by       .

In 1784 Henry Court invented the       processes, which increased the production of high-quality iron.

Stephenson built the first       in 1814.

The British Empire occupied about       square kilometers, taking up       of the world’s total dry land, which was about       times as large as Great Britain. It ruled over a population of       , which was more than       times as large as that of Britain.

The formation of the empire went through two processes:     and     or sparsely-populated lands.

After the Seven Year’s War between Britain and France,       was ceded to Britain according to the 1763 Treaty.

The sudden discovery of gold in Australia led to the       , which brought of six separate colonies.

In 1875, the       bought half of the Suez Canal shares from the bankrupt Egyptian ruler, while the other half was still held by the       .

The East India Company was founded in       .

     ,      , and       concluded the Triple Alliance in 1882.

     ,      , and      concluded a rival pact known as the Triple Entente in 1907.

There are two prerequisites to the Industrial Revolution: one is the       deprived of the means of production, the other is large sums of      .

The industrial revolution started from the       industry。

Plundering the colonial wealth and trafficking in slaves made England accumulate great amounts of       capital.

In 1784, the all-powerful steam engine was invented and finally applied in all kinds of industry, which led to the innovation of tools in       and started the age of     .

Origin of Species, written by       in 1859, put foreword the basic principle of     in which the fittest survive.

During British foreign expansion, Britain granted its colonies self-government, trying to transform the position from the world’s       into the word’s       .

After launching the Opium War against China, Britain occupied Hong Kong in       .

The American Independence War broke out in 1776 on the thirteen British colonies and gave a blow to the British policy of      .

India was          the most important colony of Britain, which set up various       Companies.

In 1770,       was discovered and claimed the east coast region for Britain by James Cook, an English captain.

II. Define the following terms.

1. The Industrial Revolution   

2. The Chartist Movement

3. The Victoria Age

4. The Opium War

III. Multiple choice.

1. By      , England had been transformed from an agricultural nation into a manufacturing country.

A. 1840s   B. 1750s   C. 1760s   D. 1820s

2. The Chartist Movement started in       marking the workers’ awareness in Politics.   

A.1837     B. 1836   C. 1842    D. 1847

3. In 1876, secret voting was introduced to Britain. Compulsory education was adopted and universities began to enroll women as well as       Church believers

A. Irish    B. Scottish      C. Germanic   D. non-Anglican

4. In 1588, England defeated the       fleet to seize world hegemony.

A. French   B. Spanish   C. Irish   D. Italian

5. The National Insurance Act in 1911 provided insurance against     .

A. old age                    B. sickness and elders   

C. sickness and unemployment   D. old age and unemployment   

6. In 1840, the       Company started systematic colonization and turned into a British colony.

A. Canada   B. New Zealand    C. India    D.   Australia

7. After the American Independence War, the English government granted       right of self-government in order to save trouble.

A. the Australia   B. the Canadian   C. the Indian   D. the American   

8. In 1877,    Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of       .

A. India   B. Australia   C. Canada   D. New Zealand   

9. The British launched the Opium War against China in      .

A. 1841   B.1842   C. 1840   D. 1839   

10. In 1788, the British government began to transport       to Australia.

A. Puritans   B. Protestants   C. immigrants   D. convicts   

Ⅳ.Translated the following terms into English

1.童工

2.马尔萨斯人口论

3.《改革法案》

4.《人民宪章》

5.达尔文

6.维多利亚时代

7.《工会法案》

8..南丁格尔

9.西班牙舰队

10.大英帝国

11.特许公司

12.东印度公司

13.十小时工作日法

Ⅴ.Translated the following terms into Chinese1.“ flag follows trade”2. the seven years’ war3. James cook4. appeasement policy5. South Africa Union6. Rangoon7. opium trade

Ⅵ.Answer the following questions in a few sentences

1.What is the Chartist Movement ?

2. What factors contributed to the Industrial Revolution?

3. What’s the effect of foreign expansion on Britain?